Andhra
Pradesh is situated in the central stretch of the eastern
seaboard of the Indian Peninsula. Telangana is situated
at a high altitude in an up-land area. The river Godavari
is flowing on the North and the river Krishna is flowing on the
South in Telangana region. Apart from the major rivers, there are
other small rivers such as Bhima, Dindi, Kinnerasani,
Manjeera, Manair, Penganga, Praanahita, and Peddavagu and
Taliperu.
In
erstwhile Hyderabad State, medium projects, like Pocharam,
Dindi, Palair, Vyra, Manair, Khanapur were constructed apart from
Nizamsagar Project, which was completed in 1924-31. It was
envisioned to utilize 58 TMC water to irrigate 2,75,000
acres of land in Nizamabad District.
The total permitted utilization of water under Godavari and Krishna for Telangana region in erstwhile Hyderabad State was under 951 MOU. The following given table shows the River Basin with projects existing, under execution and contemplated.
GODAVARI BASIN :
EXISTING Total TMC
1. Nizamsagar Project 58.00TMC
2. Medium Projects 60.00TMC
3. Minor Projects 35.00 TMC
153.00 TMC
UNDER EXECUTION Total TMC
1. Godavari Basin 364.00 TMC
2. Kadam 53.00 TMC
3. Lower Manair 12.00 TMC
4. Devanoor 27.0 TMC
465TMC
CONTEMPLATED
1. Ichampally Project 32.00 TMC
TOTAL 609.00 TMC
KRISHNA BASIN :
EXISTING Total TMC
1. Rajoli Banda 15-90TMC
2. Medium Projects 36-10 TMC
3. Miner Projects 90.80 TMC
142.00 TMC
UNDER EXECUTION
1. Nagarjunsagar left canal 161.00 TMC
2. Tungabhadra left canal 19.00 TMC
180.00 TMC
CONTEMPLATED
1. Upper Krishna Project 54.40 TMC
2. Bhima 100.60 TMC
155.00 TMC
Total 322.00 TMC
(TOTAL TMC OF WATER FOR GODAVARI AND KRISHNA BASIN is 931.00 TMC)
After
the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh, the
proposed projects under Godavari, Krishna basin were not
implemented. Also the water resources were diverted to the Andhra
region.
Server
projects envisaged under Godavari delta basin were
ignored and Devnoor project was completely removed. The Pochampad
project was sanctioned under pressure from Telangana leadership,
but the entire water utilization under Godavari was now
reduced from 400 TMC to 112 TMC. The reservoir capacity
was finally sanctioned for storing 82 TMC of water. With
this capacity, the Godavari valley projects irrigation is
now reduced to 10.25 lakh acres from 40 lakh acres. Many
projects sanctioned could not be implemented properly even
after four decades of formation of Andhra Pradesh.
Usually
the allocation of water is based on the available water in
catchment area and the land available for irrigation. Under
the Nagarjuna Sagar Project's left canal, 161 TMC of water should
have been allocated, but only 82 TMC of water is available
for irrigation.
The
water allocation to the Andhra Pradesh state was 1480 TMC
under Godavari basin and 856 TMC under Krishna basin. By
looking at the ground facts, it is obvious that how much
disparity has been shown on Telangana region. The given
below are the facts of water allocation for Andhra and Telangana
regions from Godavari and Krishna rivers.
The
river Godavari flows for about 79% of its catchment area
in Telangana. Geographically about 70% of Telangana land
is suitable for irrigation. On this basis Telangana region
should get 70% (1036 TMC) allocation out of 1480 TMC and
the rest of 30% (144 TMC) only should have been allocated to Andhra
region. But the ground realities are quite different and
shocking. The water utilization under Godavari basin is
about 760 TMC so far, out of which 320 TMC of water is
being diverted to Andhra region as against 124 TMC. This
resulted in diverting 281 TMC of water from Telangana
region to Andhra region.
River Krishna is no different from river
Godavari. River Krishna flows for about 68.5% in the
catchment area in Telangana and 31.5% catchment in Andhra
region. Only 37% of water (266.8 TMC) is
allocated to Telangana region against 68.5%. Where as
500.1 TMC water is allocated to Andhra region. Only 27% of water
is available for cultivable lands in Telangana. It means 50% of
the Ayacut under Krishna basin in Telagana is not getting
water.
The following table which shows
how the total irrigated area in Telangana region
decreased compared to Andhra region from the year 1956
–97.
TOTAL IRRIGATED AREA IN HECTARES | |||||
ANDHRA |
56-57
|
65-66
|
67-70
|
83-84
|
96-97
|
Srikakulam
|
21,600
|
2,44,000
|
2,54,000
|
1,83,000
|
1,60,000
|
Vizayanagaram
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1,26,000
|
1,34,000
|
Visakhapatnam
|
1,99,000
|
1,39,000
|
1,71,000
|
1,02,000
|
1,24,000
|
East Godavari
|
2,99,000
|
2,39,000
|
2,37,000
|
4,30,000
|
4,01,000
|
West Godavari
|
3,65,000
|
2,74,000
|
2,88,000
|
5,24,000
|
4,25,000
|
Krishna
|
3,33,000
|
3,04,000
|
3,89,000
|
4,46,000
|
4,00,000
|
Guntur
|
2,08,000
|
2,62,000
|
3,64,000
|
3,56,000
|
3,10,000
|
Prakasham
|
-
|
-
|
85,000
|
1,30,000
|
1,30,000
|
Nellore
|
2,95,000
|
2,25,000
|
2,28,000
|
2,48,000
|
1,95,000
|
Chittore
|
2,05,000
|
91,000
|
1,13,000
|
86,000
|
98,000
|
Cuddapah
|
1,27,000
|
61,000
|
84,000
|
71,000
|
49,000
|
Anantapur
|
1,29,000
|
68,000
|
86,000
|
70,000
|
59,000
|
Kurnool
|
69,000
|
87,000
|
1,31,000
|
1,32,000
|
1,08,000
|
Total
|
24,45,000
|
19,44,000
|
25,35,000
|
29,04,000
|
25,93,000
|
TELANGANA | |||||
Ranga Reddy
|
55,000
|
26,000
|
14,000
| ||
Hyderabad
|
1,000
|
500
|
200
|
150
|
196
|
Nizamabad
|
1,33,000
|
1,15,000
|
1,32,000
|
1,53,000
|
71,000
|
Medak
|
1,15,000
|
75,000
|
69,000
|
93,000
|
38,000
|
Mahabub Nagar
|
1,19,000
|
80,000
|
72,000
|
1,00,000
|
35,000
|
Nalgonda
|
1,33,000
|
68,000
|
1,56,000
|
2,01,000
|
1,53,000
|
Warangal
|
1,26,000
|
1,14,000
|
1,32,000
|
1,28,000
|
98,000
|
Khammam
|
55,000
|
1,10,000
|
80,000
|
1,24,000
|
1,39,000
|
Karimnagar
|
1,45,000
|
1,01,000
|
81,000
|
1,42,000
|
1,28,000
|
Adilabad
|
31,000
|
31,000
|
37,000
|
49,000
|
42,000
|
Total
|
9,12,000
|
7,12,000
|
7,79,000
|
10,16,000
|
7,18,000
|
*Source:Director of Economics and Statistics, A.P.
The
total irrigated area in Andhra region increased from 24.45
lakhs hectares to 26.00 lakhs hectares where as the total
irrigated area in Telangana region decreased from 9.12 lakh
hectares to 7.18 lakh hectares, about 22% decrease. This
shows a dangerous trend of decreasing cultivable lands in
Telangana.
The bar
chart given below clearly shows the disparity between
Coastal Andhra and Telangana region in utilising canal water
for irrigation.
 |
|
Distribution of surplus water under Krishna Basin
The
Krishna water tribunal awarded 800 TMC of water for Andhra
Pradesh. It also permitted to utilize the surplus water as a
tail end state. It was agreed after prolonged discussions
on utilization of surface water between Andhra and Telangana
Regions, that the surplus water should be utilized in the
ratio of 50-50 of the available water resources. The
allocation was made as follows.
A) ANDHRA REGION
1) Telugu Ganga Project 29 TMC
2) Sreesailam Right Bank Canal 19 TMC
B) TELANGANA REGION
1)Sreesailam Left Bank Canal 30 TMC
2)Bheema Lift Irrigation 20 TMC
Though
allocation was made as above, so far the benefits are being
accrued under Telugu Ganga Project and SreeSailam Right
Bank canal. These schemes are being implemented with World
Bank Loan by merging Sreeramsagar Project (in Telangana) by
showing it as AP II, AP-III. The SreeSailam bank canal is
yet to be completed, and Bheema left irrigation project is
kept under cold storage.
The
future development of ayacut in Telangana is mainly
dependent on the development and execution of Godavari river
basin. Although The Andhra Pradesh Government has
constituted Godavari utilization authority years back, so
far there is no progress. The Inchampally and Polavaram
Projects were planned on Godavari long back, but since last
forty years interstate dispute was not resolved and these
projects are kept pending.
Andhra Pradesh,
Maharastra and Madhya Pradesh reached an agreement in1978
regarding Inchampally. As per this agreement, Andhra Pradesh can
utilize only 85 TMC of water and the balance of water can be
utilized only to generate Hydroelectric Power. The expenditure has
to be borne by Andhra Pradesh, Maharastra & Madhya
Pradesh at the ratio of 78%, 10.5% and 11.4% respectively.
Andhra Pradesh will get 27% of the generated power. Experts
believe that the Inchampally project would benefit Andhra
region more than Telangana region. Out of 360 TMC of water,
only 85 TMC will be utilized for irrigation in Telangana.
The rest of the water after utilization for generation of
power will flow down wards to Dhawaleswaram Barrage or to Polavaram
project.
1) Pedda Bellalla (below the confluence of kadem)
2) VenKatapuram down stream of ichampaiiy
3) Yellampally (further down to Manchiryal)
4) Dummugudem (near Luxettipet)
With
these minor and medium projects and with lift irrigation,
at least 200 TMC of water can be utilized for 10 lakh acres
in kharif and another 5 lakh acres in rabi seasons.
Click
on the below links to have the detailed notes on the
Irrigation projects on Krishna and Godavari basins
respectively.
కామెంట్లు లేవు:
కామెంట్ను పోస్ట్ చేయండి